• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    The system for controlling the fishing effort of a trawling fleet boat implements a method that assigns a vessel (1) a quota of fishing effort during a specific period of time; performs a process of assigning a category to a fishing tackle of the vessel (1) by executing an algorithm in a processor (6) and capturing, by means of control (5), technical data of the fishing tackle. A real measurement of the fishing effort of the vessel (1) and a measurement of the dimensions of a network (2) when it is deployed; collects and systematizes the information obtained after the actual measurement to determine when, at least the vessel (1) has exhausted its quota of fishing effort; and compares the result of said rred resistance with the actual measurement according to the category of the fishing gear, the fishing time and the speed. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2545799A2
    申请号:ES201530243
    申请日:2015-02-25
    公开日:2015-09-15
    发明作者:Ignacio SOLER MARTÍNEZ；Agustín MAYANS FERNÁNDEZ
    申请人:Simrad Spain SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE
    The present invention relates to a system for controlling the fishing effort of a vessel of a trawling fleet. The invention focuses on calculating said fishing effort carried out by a vessel in order to ensure the sustainability of the fishing resources of a maritime area, for example the Mediterranean Sea.
    The field of application of the present invention is part of the fishing sector, focusing particularly on the field of resource control, being especially applicable to seas with small multi-species stocks.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    As is known, the European Union defines the fishing effort as the fishing capacity multiplied by the fishing activity, calculated based on the time invested in a given area.
    In the context of the European Community's fisheries policy, fishing capacity has so far been calculated based on the characteristics of the vessels. The indicators currently used are the tonnage of the hull, which indicates its closed volume, and engine power.
    Based on the aforementioned concepts, the regulation of fishing effort in the Mediterranean Sea has been directed to reduce the number of vessels, however, the result of this policy is a smaller fleet (in number of vessels), but with greater capacity fishing.
    This is due to the fact that the power of the engines, in most vessels, has increased greatly without the official figures having reflected it. To verify it, you just have to visit the ports and see deflector doors with more than 1,000Kg hanging from a boat with a declared power of 300CV, which prevents the calculations that are made are real, since with higher powers, the time of displacement to
    fishing ground is smaller and in theory the greater fishing options, although fuel consumption is also greater and profitability is negatively affected.
    On the other hand, it has been proven that it is not always true that a boat with a more powerful engine has a greater fishing effort than a boat with a lower power engine. This is because the time actually spent on fishing is not taken into account with respect to the time spent on sailing to reach the fishing ground. Of course, with a more powerful engine, the fishing gear may have larger dimensions and, in the same area, fishing may be larger than with a less powerful engine, but as already mentioned, it is not being taken into account. Count the actual fishing time spent. During the authorized fishing schedule there is a time dedicated to sailing and another to fish and the first one is not being considered in the calculation of fishing effort.
    Currently, the control of fishing effort is based on the time that a vessel is outside the port, on the tonnage or usable capacity of the vessel (measured in GTs) and on the power of its engine. That is, it does not exclusively reflect the time that the vessel is fishing, but includes the travel time it takes for the vessel to reach the fishing ground and the time back to the port.
    An objective of the present invention is, therefore, to develop a new method and control system to measure fishing effort in trawling that avoids such inconveniences by using a control method and a system connected to a data logging base. .
    The invention allows to know the real effort of a vessel (ship or vessel) and consequently of a fishing fleet, as well as the areas that support a high fishing effort in order to make it possible to put these areas fallow.
    BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention provides the description of a method for controlling the fishing effort of a vessel (ship or vessel) of a trawling fleet, in particular when the trawling fleet is over a particular fishing ground. The method, like the methods known in the state of the art, comprises:
    a) assign at least one vessel a share of fishing effort for a specific period of time;
    b) capture, by means of control means that include sensors connected to a processor installed in said vessel, technical data of a vessel's fishing tackle by really measuring the fishing effort of the vessel and measuring the dimensions of the less a network when it is deployed, and store the data obtained in the measurement; Y
    c) collect and systematize the information obtained after the actual measurement to determine when, at least the vessel, has exhausted its share of fishing effort.
    Typically, the proposed method, prior to said step b), performs a process of assigning a category to the fishing gear by executing an algorithm in said processor. The algorithm calculates once the plane of said net has been introduced: the fishing circle at the height of the mouth in the lead slingshot and the length of the stretched net without including the flake, and from the two calculated values, calculates the resistance of the net according to the following formula: Rred = [8 xaxbx v2 xd IL] x (1 + sin a), where: Rred = Resistance of the net (kg), a = Fishing circle at mouth level in the lead sling, b = Length of the stretched net, not including the flake, v = Drag speed (kn) Taking 3 knots as standard speed, d = Average diameter of the threads that make up the net (mm), L = length average of the meshes of all the cloths that make up the net (mm) and Sen a = Sine of the angle offered by the visor cloth to the attack. In addition, the proposed method makes a comparison of the result of said Rred Resistance with the actual measurement obtained in stage b) according to the category of fishing gear, fishing time and speed.
    Preferably, the calculation of the fishing circle is performed using the following formula: a = l ¿(N # x ME)] x eh (m), where N # is the number of meshes, ME is the length of the stretched mesh and eh is the horizontal reinforcement coefficient of the mesh, all measured at the height of the mouth in the lead sling.
    The calculation of the stretched network length without including the flake is also preferably carried out using the following formula: b = ¿~ == l (N # VPSi * MEi), where N # VPSi. .. n = Number of meshes from the upper plane 1 to the upper plane n of the network (2) in
    Longitudinal direction and MEi is the length of the stretched mesh in each of the upper planes.
    Regarding stage a), it will generally be an administrator (usually the Public Administration) responsible for allocating the annual quota of actual fishing effort, both from the area swept by the net, and from the volume of water filtered by it, for each registered vessel
    The actual fishing effort quota allocated to each vessel will be the basis on which the daily effort will be deducted. The consumption of the assigned effort share will vary depending on the network used. With the algorithm or software of the processor, the shipowner or user will be able to see what is the effort that is consuming at each moment, as well as the rest, both in volume and area.
    Once the limit of one of the two assigned effort quotas (area or volume) has been reached, the vessel must cease operation until a new quota has been assigned.
    When obtaining the real effort, the limitation of hours can be eliminated, allowing the boats to have a flexible schedule, more adapted to the hours of Only good weather in which the operation is profitable. In this way you can save many hours of navigation, so that the operating costs will be lower.
    Stage c) of information collection and systematization, allows managing the overall effort of a fishing fleet on a specific fishing ground. This can be done by dividing the fishing ground into smaller parts, which are also allocated a quota for fishing effort, so that those areas where that quota is reached can be left fallow. For example, the fishing ground can be referenced on a grid with a resolution of 1 minute of latitude x 1 minute of length, so that it can be treated in UL coordinates. At the beginning of the launch, the effort made on it will begin to be assigned to each cell.
    Likewise, the actual measurement of fishing effort may also include:
    the recording of the position and speed of the vessel in the vessel's processor from the exit of a port to its return, from the information transmitted to the processor by a GPS device;
    the registration by the processor of the temporary moment in which at least one clipper or winch of the vessel is activated to deploy a cable from the network as well as the length of said deployed cable, from the information transmitted by a sensor disposed in said lathe;
    the record of the vertical distance of the mouth of the net and the horizontal distance of the opening between the deflector doors or wings;
    the registration in the processor, of the information collected by the sensor of said lathe, regarding the collection of the cables of the network, once the fishing time has expired, and
    the record of the data of the bottom surface swept and the volume of filtered water.
    The invention relates to a system for controlling the fishing effort of a vessel of a trawling fleet, comprising:
    at least one processor installed in said vessel;
    means of locating the vessel including a GPS device connected to the processor to provide it with the speed and position of the vessel;
    at least one clipper or winch for the winding and unwinding of the cables of at least one trawler network of the boat, where said clipper or winch includes means for controlling the situation of the network cable comprising at least one sensor connected to the processor, and
    control means that include sensors in the wings and in the network connected to the processor for control of at least the dimensions of the network when it is deployed.
    Typically, the processor executes an algorithm that implements the method of the first aspect of the invention.
    Other embodiments of the invention disclosed herein also include computer programs or software for performing the steps and operations of carrying out the proposed method. More particularly, a computer program product is an embodiment that has a computer-readable medium that includes computer program instructions encoded therein that when executed on at least one processor in a computer system cause the processor to perform the operations indicated in the present document as embodiments of the invention.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To complement the description of the invention, and facilitate the understanding of its
    characteristics, this descriptive report is attached, as an integral part of thesame, of some figures, in which with illustrative and non-limiting character it is represented:Figure number 1A shows a graph of activity of a CRAFT A.Figure number 1 B shows a graph of activity of a BOAT B.Figure 2 shows the representation of a net in which the "fishing circle" is indicated,
    Cp.
    Figure 3 shows an opening sequence of a mesh or net.Figure 4 shows the effects of the armed coefficient on a network.Figure 5 shows a graph with the scaling of tractions of a network per unit of
    power.Figure 6 shows a graph related to the similarity equation.Figure 7 shows a schematic figure of a trawler with the
    System elements of the present invention.Figure 8 schematically shows the system object of the present invention.Figure 9 schematically shows the system to be installed in a boat.EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTIONFirst, it is necessary to make a new definition of real fishing effort to
    locate what the present invention will measure against the traditional definition of fishing effort and the traditional measurement system known in the state of the art and previously discussed.
    As mentioned, the definition of fishing effort, according to current regulations, is based on the product resulting from the multiplication of the fishing capacity of a vessel (or ship or vessel), expressed in kW or GT (gross tonnage) per the activity, expressed in number of "sea days." By "sea day" you should understand every natural day
    in which a vessel is absent from the port, regardless of the time in the course of that day that said vessel is present in a "zone." The "zone" should be understood as the place where the vessel makes the fishing, that is, the fishing ground.
    The first drawback to carry out the previous measurement is that, when the activity of the fishing vessels is carefully analyzed, it is that the real powers of the vessels are far from that officially declared, so the official calculation of effort based on the power can never reflect actual effort.
    In addition to the discrepancy in the calculation, the vessels exert a variable effort on the fishing ground, depending on the size of their fishing gear. Trawling is based on pulling a rig (cables, doors, bags, winds, net), which moves along the seabed. The traction capacity of a vessel depends on its propulsion (engine, gearbox, propeller, sea state, etc.) and its displacement.
    The formula that defines the traction of a boat is:
    T = 75 x PS I v, being:
    T: the total rig resistance or tensile stress of the complete fishing gearto inside the sea (kg],PS: the effective power required to drag the fishing equipment. [HP], and
    v: the linear drag speed [mIs).
    On the other hand, and according to Dr. Hamuro, the effective power used of the propellant engine to tow full fishing gear, called PS, is calculated using the formula:
    PS = NHP X Cl) x Cp X Cm.
    being:
    NHP: The nominal power of the engine. [HP],Cu: Engine utilization coefficient,Cp: Coefficient of propulsion, andCm: Sea state coefficient.
    The fact that a vessel can pull a certain amount of tons does not imply that it actually does. So, with a capacity of 10 tons of traction, a boat can work perfectly in a range of 5.5 to 9.5 tons.
    With these data, it can be deduced that the calculation of effort, as currently defined, cannot be done scientifically or equitably.
    In addition to the above, and as detailed above, it should be borne in mind that not always that the boat is outside the port means that it is fishing in the fishing ground, since that time outside the port implies both the displacement to the fishing ground Like the return of it. Therefore, and in view of the foregoing, the present invention pro
    10 puts a new method and system to control fishing effort in trawl fleets.
    To explain the new concept of fishing effort, two vessels, "Boat A" and "Boat B", which have the following official data collected in the following table, will be taken as an example:
    BOAT A BOAT B
    TRB arc 66.9156.01
    GT archery 79.271.15
    Total length 24.9923.3
    PP length 19.419.94
    Power 500 hp310 hp
    According to these data, it is clear that the former has a fishing capacity greater than the second. In fact, taking into account the real powers; 900 and 700 HP, respectively, the difference is even greater.
    Actually, the above is true in that Boat A has a greater traction capacity.
    If you look at the measurements made on your fishing gear, for example through acoustic sensors, you can see that it has a net with a height of 3.3m and a
    32m distance between wings. The speed at which you drag your rig is 2.7 knots
    (1, 39m / s).
    Boat B for its part has a net with a height of 1.6m and a distance between wings of 28m. Its drag speed is 3.3 knots (1, 7m / s).
    By focusing on the area that sweeps the network of each vessel per unit of time, the following results are obtained:
    Boat A: 32m x 1.39m / s = 44.50m2 / s
    Boat B: 28m x 1.70m / s = 47.53m2 / s
    Therefore, the actual effort of the rig in terms of benthic species, those species that inhabit the seabed, is greater per unit time on the boat with less power.
    In addition to this, the measurements of Boat A correspond to the gear used to fish red shrimp, whose fishing ground is for example about 20 nautical miles offshore. While those of Boat B correspond to those of monkfish, crayfish, white shrimp, which is only 6 nautical miles from the coast.
    Since the fishing activity time that computes in the current fishing effort system is 12 hours, no difference is estimated between the two vessels, assuming they fish the same amount of time. However, the reality is shown in figure 1, where the day of activity of Vessel A, figure 1A, and of Vessel B, figure 1 B is represented.
    Figure 1A reflects the activity day of Vessel A, with an effective carryover time of 5 hours and 36 minutes, and Figure 1 B reflects the activity day of Vessel 8, with an effective carryover time of 8 hours. and 48 minutes
    The conclusion, in view of the above, is quite clear, the effort made on the seabed of Ship B is greater than that of Ship A. Specifically, the figures would be:
    Area swept by Boat A: (5 x 3600 + 36 x 60) x 44.50 = 897. 120m2
    Area swept by Ship B: (8 x 3600 + 48 x 60) x 47.53 = 1.505. 750m2
    In addition to the effort on the seabed, the networks also make an effort on demersal species, those that are not exclusively stuck or buried in the seabed. For this reason, the network of Boat A has a height of
    5 3,3m, compared to 1, 6m of the one used by Boat B.
    To make a complete estimate of fishing effort, it is also calculated what the effort made by the network has been in terms of demersal species that are slightly separated from the bottom. For this, a parameter called volume of water filtered by the network is used.
    10 In order to obtain the volume of water filtered through the net, the fishing circle must be obtained first. The fishing circle, Cp (see figure 2), is defined by the number and size of meshes that are at the height of the lower sling or lead line, multiplied by the horizontal reinforcement coefficient:
    Cp = No. of meshes x Long. stretched mesh x Horizontal reinforcement coefficient
    15 The horizontal reinforcement coefficient is the percentage at which the mesh opens horizontally when the cloth is mounted on the cork and lead slings. As can be seen in the sequence of Figure 3, when the mesh is fully stretched, the horizontal coefficient would be zero. As the mesh is opened horizontally the horizontal coefficient increases, while the vertical coefficient decreases.
    20 With this component well understood, it is understandable that a higher coefficient of assembly will create a larger fishing circle and vice versa.
    Figure 4 shows the effects of the reinforcement coefficient with the mesh sewn to the sling (U1 = Horizontal coefficient, U2 = Vertical coefficient).
    Boat A uses an art with a fishing circle of 41, 64m.
    25 Boat B uses an art with a fishing circle of 19.03m.
    To calculate the effort per unit of time made on the water by the net, the area of the fishing circle is calculated and multiplied by the drag speed.
    The area of the fishing circle is calculated according to the formula: A = TTXr '
    Since only the perimeter of the fishing circle is available, the radius must be found by clearing the formula:
    P = 2 x r x TI so r = P I 2 x TI
    Thus, the calculation of the area from the perimeter will be:
    A = TT X (P I 2 x TT) ',
    in the case of Boat B the effort per unit of time would be: 3, 14 x (19.03 / 2 x 3, 14l x 1.70 = 48.99 m 3 / s, while in Boat A we would have: 3, 14 x (41.64 / 2 x 3, 14) 'x 1.39 = 191.79 m' / s.
    In this case it is evident that it is the Vessel A that is exerting a greater effort on the species that are not attached to the bottom.
    To find the volume of water filtered by the net of each vessel during the day, the area of the fishing circle is multiplied by the distance traveled by the net or the effort per unit of time multiplied by the drag time.
    Boat A: (5 x 3600 + 36 x 60) x 191.79 = 3.866.490m3
    Boat B: (8 x 3600 + 48 x 60) x 48.99 = 1,552,036m3
    In view of the above, it can be concluded that all bottom trawls simultaneously exert two types of effort; one on the seabed and the species that are stuck or half buried therein and another on the species that are slightly separated from the bottom.
    To calculate the effort on the first case, the area swept by the net is used, based on the distance between wings, while to calculate the effort of the second case, the volume of water filtered by the network is used pes circle
    AC.
    It follows that the network measures are essential for the calculation of the actual fishing effort. Said measures according to the present invention will be calculated by a computer program that includes an algorithm or software code stored in the system processor included in the vessel from the introduction of the network plane into the system by the user.
    The program stores the distance between wings and the fishing circle of any of the nets in order to assign them to a category and then calculate the actual fishing effort as indicated.
    For each type of network, a categorization by size is established. Each category has an amount of effort per unit of time allocated, which corresponds to the average value in that category. That is, a quantity of m2 of surface swept per unit of time and an amount of m3 of volume of filtered water per unit of time pre-set for each category of network.
    Therefore, each vessel registered in the effort control system must declare the networks available for its work and introduce the plan of each of them.
    The vessel will be authorized to use exclusively the networks introduced in the program.
    The computer program has an easy-to-use user interface, in which you can enter the necessary data to incorporate the new network plan, so that the necessary measures are automatically obtained.
    In the system, the network to be used and its dimensions will be identified and automatically positioned in one of the existing categories (with an amount of effort per unit of time already predefined).
    An authorization may be required by the system administrator prior to the use of new networks by the vessel.
    It is explained below how the invention automatically categorizes the networks. In any case, any other method of categorizing the networks that the system administrator decides may be incorporated into the program and applied to the calculation of the actual fishing effort, such as from a catalog of networks already included in the system program itself.
    The categorization process of the networks is carried out assuming that a boat with 500hp, can pull 6,000Kg (includes the entire rig; network, cables, deflector doors ... etc.) and taking the percentage of resistance of the network in a 70% of the total rig (D. A Wileman -Project "Oilfish" Investigation of the resistance of trawl gear, DFTI. 1984), to scale the tractions of a network that can be performed per unit of power. A table showing the scaling of tractions of a network per unit of power is shown in Figure 5. The similarity coefficient has been used to scale the nets (P. Y. Dréniere, The Fisherman's Pocket Guide, Ifremer! F.AO. 1,988). Traction (of the boat) should be understood as the ability to move a resistance (the net).
    A similarity equation is used, according to the following definition, to know the scale factor: "The trawl net (1) used with the power trawler Pdhp is known; if the power of our vessel is Pdhp), to obtain the dimensions of the network (2) are
    multiply the length and height dimensions of each piece of (1) by Fz ". Jp
    Using the graph in Figure 6 as a reference, 19 categories of networks have been established, depending on their resistance. Thus, category 1 will include the theoretical tractions of a boat between 50hp and 149hp, category 2 those of a boat between 150hp and 249hp and so on up to a maximum power of 1,949hp.
    The computer program or system software will allow you to enter the network plan in a simple and intuitive way. For this, the following network information must be available:
    • Length of cork and lead slings
    • Horizontal reinforcement coefficient in the cork and lead slings
    • Dimensions for each net cloth
    o Stretched mesh length (ME)
    o Thread diameter
    o Height in cloth meshes
    o Number of meshes on the upper edge of the cloth
    o Number of meshes on the bottom edge of the cloth
    o Cut applied on each side of the cloth
    Once the network plan has been entered in the computer program stored in the vessel system processor, it will calculate its resistance according to the formula: Rred = [8 xaxbx "¡xd IL] x (1 + sin a), being : Rred = Resistance of the net (kg) a = Fishing circle at the mouth level in the lead cockpit
    a = (L (N # x ME) 1x eh (m). where: N # is the number of meshes, ME is the length of the stretched mesh (in meters) and Ch is the horizontal reinforcement coefficient of the mesh. All this measured at the level of the mouth in the cockpit.
    Also, a net can be composed in its fishing circle by several sections with meshes of different lengths, so it is necessary to perform this operation for each of them, adding the total
    b = Length of the stretched net, not including the flake (m)
    b = I;., CN # VPSi. MEi) where: N # VPSi ... n = Number of meshes from the upper plane 1 to the upper plane n of the network in the longitudinal direction and MEi (in meters) the length
    of the stretched mesh in each of the upper planes (from 1 to n) v = Drag speed (kn) Taking 3 knots as standard speed d = Average diameter of the threads that make up the net (mm)
    L = average length of the meshes of all the cloths that make up the net (mm) Sen 0 = Sine of the angle offered by the visor cloth to the attack. The angle a will be taken as standard at 10 °. At this point the invention will have calculated the strength of the net, the fishing circle and the length of the cork reling.
    According to the resistance of the net, it will be assigned to one of the 19 categories, to, using the similarity equation again, calculate the fishing circle and the length of the sling proportional to the average resistance of that category.
    Category R. minimumR. mediaR. maximum
    one 4208391,257
    2 1,2581,6772,096
    3 2,0972,5162,934
    4 2,9353,3543,773
    5 3,7744,2004 .611
    6 4,6125,0315,450
    7 5,4515,8706,288
    8 6,2896,7087,126
    9 7,1277,5477,965
    10 7,9668,3858,803
    eleven 8,8049,2249,642
    12 9,64310,06210,480
    13 10,48110,90111,311
    14 11 .31211,73912,157
    fifteen 12,15812,57712,996
    16 12,99713,41613,834
    17 13,83514,25414,673
    18 14,67415,09315,511
    19 15,51215,93115,175
    For example: A boat X has two nets, one of them with a resistance of 5,116 kg, a fishing circle of 49,53m and a length of cork reling of 87,60m. This X network fits 5 in category 6 (resistances of 4,612Kg to 5,442Kg), with the average resistance of category 6 being 5,031 Kg, so using the similarity equation you get: Scale factor =, 5031 / 5116 = 0.991658 Therefore, to calculate the fishing circle and the length of the cork reling to be taken into account for the calculation of effort, there are: 10 Gp ,,,, = 0.991658. 49.53m = 49, 12m LOr ,,,, = 0.991658. 87.60m = 86.87m The second X network has a resistance of 4.757Kg, a fishing circle of 53.78m and a cork length of 90.50m. This X network also fits into category 6 (resistances of 4,612Kg to 5,442Kg), with the average resistance of category 15 6 being 5,031 Kg, so using the similarity equation again you get: Scale factor = '4757/5031 = 0.972388 Therefore, to calculate the fishing circle and the length of the cork sling to be taken into account for the calculation of the effort, there is: CPfi'. ' = 0.972388. 53.78m = 52, 30m 20 LCri ", = 0.972388. 90.50m = 88.00m The fact of establishing some categories, with margins determined by the resistance, will allow to avoid discrepancies in the calculation of effort due to the small varied
    nes in the size of the meshes by their use, or in the construction of the network by their cuts.
    In view of the above, the system of the present invention, in a characteristic way, allows the control by a vessel, or a fleet formed by several vessels, of the actual fishing effort carried out, by comparison of the results obtained by the algorithm and the captured data, allowing in addition to its calculation, to control that the users do not deceive the system due to the control devices incorporated in the system itself.
    The system object of the present invention therefore generally comprises:
    at least one processor 6,
    location means of a vessel 1 connected to the processor 6,
    control means 3 of the status of the network cable connected to the processor 6, and
    control means 5 of the dimensions of the network 2 when it is deployed connected to the processor 6.
    In a more concrete way, said system comprises:
    a control processor 6 installed in vessel 1, or vessel 1 with storage means of the dimensions and characteristics of the trawler network (s) 2 of vessel 1,
    as a means of locating the vessel, a GPS device connected to the processor 6, to provide it with the speed and position of the vessel 1,
    as means of control 3 of the situation of the network cable, at least one clipper or winch for winding and unwinding the cables of the trawler network 2 of the vessel 1, with at least one sensor connected to the processor 6, for provide the latter with information regarding the unwound network cable meters and the moment in which they are unwound or unfolded and collected or rolled up, and
    as control means 5 of the dimensions of the network 2 when they are deployed, sensors, installed on the wings of the network 2 and connected to the processor 6, to measure the distance between wings, and to measure the height of the drag network 2. The sensors that measure the distance between wings and the height of the same can be of different type.
    The system of the present invention for measuring fishing effort comprises said processor 6 (or several processors) for data recording and for the graphical user interface. Ideally, the system with a dedicated processor for data recording (black box) and another to work with the graphical user interface software are proposed, but both tasks can be performed on a single processor if deemed convenient.
    The processor 6 may or may not include a modem and is connected to a GPS device that provides the processor 6 with the position and speed of the vessel 1 at each instant; the sensor / sensors on the razor or winch in the boat 3, also connected (s) with the processor 6 so that it records when the winch releases and picks up the network cables as well as to measure the length of said cables; and the sensors that measure the height of the network and the distance between its wings.
    Alternatively to the use of sensors to measure the distance between the wings of the network 2, sensors located in the deflector doors can be used and the distance between the doors can be measured or the length of the long cable (obtained by acoustic sensors in the doors, could be used, by sensors in the razors or by manual introduction of the personnel on board) and the depth.
    The processor 6 is responsible for collecting the information of each of the components and storing it periodically at certain intervals that may vary. Said information can be either stored in a memory unit, either sent via a modem to a data collection center, or both.
    The system, by selecting the user, assigns one of the networks introduced in the program to the fishing activity to be carried out and automatically discriminates, through the sensors described above, the periods of effective fishing and the periods of navigation.
    Furthermore, by means of the sensors 5 for measuring the height of the network 2 and the distance between the wings of the network 2 and / or the deflector doors of the network, it is verified that the network 2 selected by the user corresponds to the one entered in the system , so that if the user enters false data, the system will detect it.
    Finally, using the parameters of effective fishing time, speed and type of net 2 selected, the effort made will be automatically obtained.
    Thus, unlike traditional methods, which calculate the fishing effort according to the navigation time, the tonnage and the nominal power of the vessel, the present invention, by categorizing networks and different sensors and devices, detects when the lathes are operating, to which is added the navigation data (position and speed) received by GPS, in order to obtain all the necessary data and perform the calculation of the fishing effort made.
    Such data is captured by processor 6 and stored in a memory unit.
    or sent by means of a modem, in order to later be included in a database to be able to calculate the actual fishing effort of the vessel 1 or of a fleet (to the extent that each vessel in the fleet incorporates a system) in a specific area and period.
    The data may be subsequently analyzed through any computer equipped with the appropriate software or computer program, which may be specific for this purpose, allowing to obtain the amount of fishing effort in a period of time and show the route followed by each vessel 1, as well as the place where he has practiced fishing.
    In this way, and if the above information is available from the aforementioned devices, the time of the vessel 1 outside the port, the engine power and the tonnage of the vessel 1 cease to be the determining data to know the effort fishing, being able to configure a real quota of fishing effort in the fishing ground for each vessel 1 or for a fleet as a whole.
    Thus, if a fishing period is established, for example, five days per week and thirty-seven weeks per year and a real fishing effort quota for each vessel 1, they may manage their own quota as they deem most appropriate throughout of the established period.
    This system also allows you to manage the actual fishing effort quota at the fleet level.
    In this way, the quota allocated to the fleet can be transferred from a vessel 1 to
    other.
    This information, combined with a daily fishing logbook, will allow you to know exactly the parts of the fishing ground where an excess effort is being made due to the decrease in catches in them. Establishing biological stops in these areas in question, without the need to close the entire fishing ground, with the economic cost that this entails.
    That is, the objectives pursued are achieved: knowing the actual fishing effort exerted in a fishing ground or in a part of it, by a vessel 1, or a fleet, while allowing to know which areas of a fishing ground have endured overexertion I recommend putting them in fallow.
    Finally, it should be mentioned that, although the measurement of the volume of filtered water and the area swept by the network is somewhat known, the system and method objects of this invention use said type of measurement to generate a record of the volume and / or area sweep, with the particularity that it is located geographically, is transmitted to be added to a database and is associated with a management system of area and / or volume quotas defined as real fishing effort.
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    Preferably, the system, and method implemented by it, proposed by the present invention for the measurement and control of the fishing effort of trawl fleets is intended to calculate the swept bottom surface and the volume of water filtered by the network 2 of the trawler 1 regardless of its power / HP and tonnage / GT. For this, a control system is included with a set of sensors 5 and devices that measure the following data during the fishing period:
    the position and speed of vessel 1, using a GPS system or similar,
    the activation of the razor or lathe 3 to start and turn,
    the opening of the wings of the net 2, and
    the height of the network 2.
    Additionally, and as usual element in vessels, it is possible that vessel 1 also includes an echo sounder 4, although its presence in vessel 1 does not affect the present invention.
    All measurements of the different sensors are stored in the processor 6 (or control automaton) of the vessel 1, so that the swept bottom surface and the volume of water filtered by the network 2 are calculated only when the vessel is with the networks 2 extended and thus being able to calculate the actual effort, the fishing time, and the place of fishing, among others. Before starting fishing, the user must enter or choose in the processor 6 the type of network 2 to be used.
    The information captured by the sensors or control means 5, is collected in a receiving device 11 connected to a recording unit 10 in turn connected to the processor
    6. Said processor 6 is connected to a monitor 9 that allows the user to control the measurements made.
    To manage the information acquired in a practical way, the networks 2 are categorized according to their size, in particular the maximum capacity of the network to be opened in width and height, and a fishing effort is assigned per unit of time to each category of network (s). Thus, a vessel 1 that uses a net 2 included in a given category is assigned a specific fishing effort based on the hours it has been fishing, information obtained from the system object of the invention.
    Likewise, and due to the characteristics of the system, in the event that a vessel 1 makes any changes in its networks 2 with respect to the declared network 2 and introduced in the processor 6 that allows it to extend them further, the change will be detected and communicated with the possibility of initiating a sanctioning procedure.
    Each vessel 1 has a sensor system on the razors or drag winches 3 that will be detected when fishing maneuvers begin and end. Other verification methods will be used, such as the speed or information of the sensors 5, preferably acoustic, placed in the network 2.
    To control the fishing area of the vessel 1 (or of the different vessels), at the beginning of the launch, a cell will be assigned to which the fishing ground has been divided, the effort made on it. To do this it will multiply:
    • The distance between wings by the distance traveled, for the calculation of swept area.
    • The area of the fishing circle by the distance traveled, for the calculation of the volume of filtered water.
    At the same time the system will verify, by means of the acoustic sensors 5, that the network 2 declared in the system is the one being used.
    For the verification of the dimensions of the network 2, the software or computer program of the vessel 1 shall take at least the measurements of the height of the mouth and distance between wings or between doors and verify that they correspond to the declared network 2.
    Upon arriving on land, the data collected by the processor 6 of the vessel 1 is downloaded to a data base 7 located on the ground, for example in a central unit, to be controlled alongside that of the other vessels. The data collected by the processor 6 of the vessel 1 are either transmitted by means of a modem and wireless communication means 8 to said data base 7 on the ground, or are recorded in a memory unit from the processor itself and subsequently recorded in the data base.
    Depending on the result of the verification of the network by the sensors, proceed as follows:
    If the acoustic sensors 5 correctly verify the network 2, the "valid" state will be communicated to the control center, together with the summarized stress data, in which the stress is distributed by each cell. If there is a discrepancy in the measurements obtained by the acoustic sensors 5 and the network 2 declared by the shipowner, the system will report the "suspicious" status to the control center, together with the detailed telemetry of the set (one data every 60 seconds) so that Check manually and decide if the discrepancy is real or is a system failure. If the discrepancy is proven real, the area inspector will be notified to initiate the corresponding on-site inspection. If a system failure is observed, the maintenance center will be notified so that corrective action is initiated immediately. If the registration system does not detect that the program of the vessel 1 is active (computer off) it will send the "disconnected" status to the control center, together with the summary effort data using the art with the greatest allocation of effort available on the vessel 1. Upon receiving the "disconnected" status, communication will be established with the owner to find out the reason. Initiating the corrective action in case of failure.
    As the vessel 1 system has bi-directional communication with the contral center, temporary closure areas can be established flexibly. The clearly indicated closed areas will appear on the contral map of the vessel 1, which can be consulted on the monitor 9.
    In the event that a vessel drags into an area with an activated closure, the control center will immediately initiate, and automatically, the sanctioning file, showing on the monitor 9 of the system of the vessel 1 the incidence and offering the possibility of justification or recourse in the scheduled time.
    The system of vessel 1 will have the option of being able to record the catches in each set, thus assigning the catches to a specific geographical location.
    The operator of the control center 7 will be able to see the fishing effort with all kinds of options and filters (dates, boats, ports, etc.) in addition to being able to obtain all kinds of statistical reports based on the recorded information.
    The control system data will be contained in a secure server with automatic backup. Faced with the possibility of a main system crash, the backup server would take control automatically.
    Registered data may be distributed to the scientific sector and even to shipowners, if the administration so desires. Of course the level of information received to each user will be regulated by the same administration.
    The data control system consists of a subsystem installed on board, a main secure data server and a backup data server. The data servers will be located in different locations and will also have all the security measures required by the administration.
    Users of the data control system will access the servers via Ethernet or the Internet through a secure connection, using password -token (electronic signature). Different user levels will be defined with rights restricted to each type.
    Inspectors will have an application for iOS or Android (or other operating systems) in which they can receive inspection notices in detail. This application will manage the inspection process, allowing the graphic and written documentation of the records that can be generated during it.
    The system object of the invention installed in the vessel 1 will preferably comprise a registration unit 10 or "black box ~, which will be activated autonomously and will not require any handling. The registration unit 10 will be responsible for detecting the start / end of the fishing maneuvers (by means of sensors in the razors or lathes 3), it will have its own and external GPS connection and will communicate with the processor 11 of the acoustic sensors 5 of the network 2.
    The registration unit 10 will have an internet connection via Wifi, 3G or any other means of existing data communication on board.
    The system can transmit the data in real time, although for reasons of economy it is preferable to do it in a deferred way, once the vessel 1 arrives at the port.
    The processor 10 of the acoustic sensors 5 operates with one or two hydrophones placed in the hull of the boat. If the vessel already has a sensor system, the existing hydrophone / s (compatible with the Scanmar, Simrad and Marport systems) may be used.
    This will be the equipment that communicates with the user or patron of the vessel 1, so at least one screen or monitor 9 is available for use. The system installed in vessel 1 may, if necessary, have a single processor 6 to perform the functions described above.
    In addition to the basic data necessary for effort management, the vessel system 1 will be prepared to include other compatible sensors, such as; fuel consumption meters, engine rpm counter, echo sounders, weather stations, etc.
    The proposed invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions can be stored in or encoded as one or more instructions or code in a computer-readable medium.
    5 The computer readable media includes computer storage media. The storage medium can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such a computer-readable medium may comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or which
    10 any other means that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Disk (disk) and disk (disc), as used herein, include compact discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), flexible discs and Blu-ray discs where discs ( disks) normally reproduce data magnetically, while
    15 after the discs (discs) reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer readable media. Any processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
    20 As used herein, computer program products comprising computer readable media include all forms of computer readable media except, to the extent that such media is considered to be non-established transient propagation signals.
    The scope of the present invention is defined in the following set of claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. System for controlling the fishing effort of a vessel of a trawling fleet, comprising: -at least one processor (6) installed in said vessel (1);
    - vessel location means (1) including a GPS device connected to the processor (6) to provide it with the speed and position of the vessel (1);
    - at least one razor or lathe (3) for winding and unwinding the cables of at least one network (2) to drag the boat (1), where said razor or lathe (3) includes control means (3) of the situation of the network cable comprising at least one sensor connected to the processor (6), and
    - control means (5) that include sensors in the wings and in the network (2) connected to the processor (6) for the control of at least the dimensions of the network (2) when it is deployed,
    characterized in that said processor (6) is applied to the execution of an algorithm that from a plane of said network (2) introduced in the processor (6) calculates:
    • fishing circle at the level of the mouth in the cockpit;
    • length of the stretched network without including the codend, from which two calculated values, said algorithm calculates the resistance of the network according to the following formula:
    Rred = (8 x a x b x v2 x d I L] x (1 + sin a);
    being: Rred = Resistance of the net (kg), a = Fishing circle at the height of the mouth in the lead sling, b = Length of the stretched net, not including the flake, v = Drag speed (kn) Taking 3 knots as standard speed, d = Average diameter of the threads that make up the net (mm), L = average length of the meshes of all the cloths that make up the net (mm), and Sen 0 = Sine of the angle offered the visor cloth to attack; Y
    said algorithm also comparing the result of said Rred Resistance with a real measurement obtained by said control means (5).
    [2]
    2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the processor calculates said fishing circle by the following formula:
    a = [¿(N # x ME)] x eh (m)
    where: N # is the number of meshes, ME is the length of the stretched mesh and eh is the horizontal reinforcement coefficient of the mesh, all measured at the height of the mouth in the lead sling.
    [3]
    3. System, according to claim 1, characterized in that the processor calculates the length of the stretched network without including the flake by the following formula:
    where: N # VPSi .. n = Number of meshes from the upper plane 1 to the upper plane n of the network (2) in the longitudinal direction and MEi is the length of the stretched mesh in each of the upper planes.
    [4]
    Four. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized
    because the processor performs the actual measurement of fishing effort by: The GPS device that connected to the processor (6) transmits information to the processor (6) to record the position and speed of the vessel (1) on said processor (6) from the exit from a port to its return; The at least one razor or lathe (3) of the vessel (1) that connected to the processor (6) is activated to deploy a network cable (2) as well as the length of said deployed cable, based on the information transmitted by a sensor disposed on said lathe (3) that is at least one, registering on said processor (6); Sensors that connected to the processor allow to record the vertical distance of the mouth of the network (2) and horizontal distance of the opening between the deflector doors or wings; The lathe sensor (3) that connected to the processor (6) allows it to record the collection information of the network cables (2), once the fishing time has expired, and
    - The different components connected to the processor (6) allow to record the data of the bottom surface and the volume of filtered water.
    [5]
    5. System according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a modem connected to the processor (6) for transmission to a ground data recording base (7).
    Working fund: 750 meters,,, • target oil: Red Shrimp,,
    ,
    ,
    , "
     ¿J .. "...
    ,
    , '",. Navigation 1
    Drag
    ,, '21, l NM
    19, ONM
    "3h 28 '
    ,
     ,. {l ..
    5h 36 '
    Navigation 2
    ...... 24, ONM
    t: $, '.... 2h 32'
    ,
    "-,
    ,
    -
     , -
    Fig. LA
    Working fund: 80 to 330 meters Target species: Fish
     Navigation 3
    12 NM
    lh 05 '
    Drag 1
    13.8 NM
     3h50 '
    )
     Navigation 1
    Drag 3
    5.57 NM
    7.60 NM
    Oh2 ~, '
    ,2h 12 '
    ,
    ,
    ,
    ,
    - ¿;; ------- Navigation 2 Navigation 4 1.92 NM 15.8NM Oh 15 '
    lh 32 '
    Fig. LB
     Total Navigation:
    45.1 NM. 6 hours
    Total Fishing:30.28 NM • 8h 48 '
    Total Navigation:35.29 NM • 3h 17 '
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2545799B1|2016-10-07|
    ES2545799R1|2015-12-09|
    EP2910120A1|2015-08-26|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JP3840467B2|2003-07-31|2006-11-01|ニチモウ株式会社|Auto trawl system|
    ES2324930B1|2008-02-18|2010-05-24|Cristobal Ginard Acosta|FISHING ACTIVITY CONTROL SYSTEM FOR DRAWING FISHING BOATS.|CN105724324A|2016-04-13|2016-07-06|朱德进|Intelligent fishing device|
    CN106804548B|2017-01-18|2019-10-11|山东通和水产有限公司|A kind of shellfish culture recovering device based on built-in type harvesting net|
    CN107117267B|2017-05-15|2019-04-05|舟山万达船舶设计有限公司|Distant-water trawler|
    CN110135559A|2019-04-28|2019-08-16|中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所|A method of it is thrown the net based on ship position data acquisition and nets position and fishing effort|
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    EP14382065.2A|EP2910120A1|2014-02-25|2014-02-25|Method and system for controlling the fishing effort of a craft in a trawling fleet|
    EP14382065|2014-02-25|
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